关节盘锚固定术治疗中晚期TMJ结构紊乱的临床效果

目的：介绍一种治疗颞下颌关节（tempommandibular joint，TMJ）结构紊乱（internal derangement，ID）的手术方法——关节盘锚固定术（discanchorage．DA）。方法：自2003年12月-2006年12月间，对81例TMJID患者（81侧）进行了关节盘锚固定术治疗。将2枚锚固钉置于髁突后斜面下缘的内中、中外交界处，用锚固线固定关节盘。所有患者手术前、后均进行MRI检查。术后进半流质饮食1周，并进行3个月的开口训练；对3-4周以上尚存咬合紊乱的患者，给予适当的牵引治疗。结果：术后MRI显示，77例（77侧）关节为优，1例（1侧）关节为良，有效率达96．30％（78／81）；仅有3例（3侧）为“差”，占3．70％（3／81），对其进行二次开放性手术，其中1例（1侧）采用颞肌筋膜瓣关节盘置换手术，2例（2侧）行TMJ置换。结论：关节盘锚固定术的短期疗效良好，是一种治疗中晚期TMJ ID的有效方法。     

Modified condylotomy versus conventional conservative treatment in painful reciprocal clicking—a preliminary prospective study in eight patients

Modified condylotomy may be relevant in severe painful reciprocal clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) where conservative treatment is insufficient. The effect of the modified condylotomy was analyzed and compared with conventional nonsurgical treatment in a randomized pilot study of eight patients, 19–44 years of age, with severe painful reciprocal clicking. Before and after treatment, assessments were performed by subjective reports, clinical recordings, and blinded evaluations of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on the clinical evaluations before treatment, all conditions were disc displacements with reduction and arthralgia (Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders), but based on MRI, one patient had disc displacement without reduction and another had normal disc position. The treatment effect was significantly better and the disorders were significantly more reduced with condylotomy than with conventional nonsurgical treatment (P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test). In the surgical group, the clicking and locking had disappeared, the pain during function was significantly reduced (P < 0.05, Friedman ANOVA), and in two patients the disc position was normalized. The clicking still persisted in the nonsurgical patients and the disc position was unchanged. Our conclusion is that modified condylotomy is a promising option to reduce symptoms and signs in severe painful reciprocal clicking.     

Type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in rabbit temporomandibular joint posterior attachment following disc displacement

Pathological changes and mRNA expression were studied in the posterior attachment of 40 adult Japanese white rabbits. The right temporomandibular joints of 28 rabbits were subjected to surgical disc displacement. Joints were studied by histochemistry and in situ hybridization. The collagen in the posterior attachment became dense, especially near the posterior band of the disc. Chondrocytes were found not only in the disc but also in the posterior attachment. Sometimes cartilage formation was seen. Type II collagen mRNA expression was first detected in the posterior attachment 4 days postoperatively and became progressively stronger with time. Aggrecan expression in the posterior attachment decreased at first, then increased gradually. It was concluded that, in the temporomandibular joint, chondrocytes appear in the posterior attachment as a result of biomechanical stimuli and the attachment becomes fibrocartilaginous following disc displacement.     

中医特色护理及辩证施护在腰椎间盘突出症患者的应用效果观察

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出症应用中医特色护理及辨证施护的应用效果。方法选择我院2020年10月至12月收治的60例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行研究,以计算机程序生成随机数字法分为2组,每组30例,对照组用常规护理,观察组加用中医特色护理及辨证施护。比较2组护理有效率、舒适度、护理满意度。结果观察组护理总有效率、护理满意度及舒适度评分均明显高于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腰椎间盘突出症患者应用中医特色护理及辨证施护,可显著提高护理有效率、舒适度及护理满意度,值得应用。     

低温等离子射频消融联合臭氧消融术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的 探讨低温等离子射频消融联合臭氧消融治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床效果以及对炎症反应的影响。方法 回顾性分析2018年3月-2021年3月我科收治的65例单节段颈椎间盘突出症手术患者的基本资料及相关数据。按照所采取手术方式将其分为复合组(36例)和单纯组(29例), 复合组患者采用低温等离子射频消融术联合臭氧治疗,单纯组患者仅采用低温等离子射频消融术治疗。分别采集术前、术后3天与术后1个月随访时的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale, VAS）,记录术前及术后72小时最常见伴随症状的变化以及抽取的静脉血中血沉、C反应蛋白和白细胞计数,对两组结果进行统计比较;并对两组的不良反应发生率进行比较。结果 两组患者术后3天及术后1个月疼痛评分较术前均显著降低(P<0.05),但两组间比较仅有术后第三天差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);复合组患者术后血沉、C反应蛋白及白细胞计数均低于单纯组(P<0.05);两组的不良反应发生率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 低温等离子射频消融联合臭氧消融术可有效缓解颈椎间盘突出症患者的疼痛症状,并能更好预防术后炎症的发生。     

五步复位法治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床观察

[目的]观察五步复位法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。[方法]将2018年4月至2019年6月于浙江中医药大学附属第三医院住院的符合标准的124例腰椎间盘突出症患者按随机数字表法分为两组,五步复位法组63例采用五步复位法治疗,传统推拿法组61例采用传统推拿法治疗,两组患者均隔日治疗1次,每周3次,1周为1个疗程。治疗2个疗程及随访1年后观察临床疗效,并比较两组患者治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及改良腰椎功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)。[结果]治疗后五步复位法组总有效率为90.5%,传统推拿法组总有效率为86.9%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);1年后随访五步复位法组总有效率为87.3%,传统推拿法组总有效率为73.8%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后及1年后随访VAS评分、ODI均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。组间比较,治疗后五步复位法组VAS评分、ODI均较传统推拿法组降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);1年后随访时五步复位法组VAS评分同传统推拿法组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),ODI低于传统推拿法组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]五步复位法治疗腰椎间盘突出症可明显缓解疼痛、改善患者腰椎功能,且具有可操作性强、疗效显著等特点,值得临床推广应用。     

基于仿真技术的腰椎间盘突出症“经筋失衡”的研究

【目的】基于仿真技术,分析异常步态模式下腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)患者腰及下肢的肌群肌肉力变化,将肌肉按照肌筋膜理论与经筋理论进行匹配,探讨LDH患者“经筋失衡”的特点。【方法】选取2015年8月~2016年10月在上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院推拿科接受治疗的20例LDH患者作为LDH组,另选取5例同期体检正常的健康志愿者作为正常组。采集正常组和LDH组的步态分析数据,以驱动AnyBody肌骨模型进行逆向动力学分析,得到腰、骨盆及下肢肌肉力和关节力,并通过比较以分析LDH患者腰及下肢肌肉失衡规律。【结果】LDH组患侧背侧链肌群和胫骨后肌的肌肉力峰值有小于健侧的趋势,而患侧外侧链和前表链大部分肌肉的肌肉力峰值有大于健侧的趋势。【结论】LDH患者两侧肢体存在“经筋失衡”状态,以患侧背侧链肌群和胫骨后肌肌肉力减小、外侧链和前表链肌群肌肉力增大为特征。     

腰椎退行性疾病手术患者椎间盘退变及责任间隙分布情况研究

背景　椎间盘退变是一系列腰椎退行性疾病的始动因素,既往研究多集中于腰椎间盘退变的流行病学及影像学研究方面,而关于严重腰腿痛的腰椎退行性疾病患者需手术干预的研究少见,其椎间盘退变分布规律并不明确,而责任间隙（手术节段）退变分布情况鲜有报道。目的　分析腰椎退行性疾病手术患者椎间盘退变及责任间隙分布规律。方法　选择2012年1月-2016年2月于中国人民解放军第960医院行腰椎正侧位、过伸过屈位X线和腰椎矢状位MRI检查并确诊为腰椎退行性疾病患者503例,分析腰椎间盘退变及责任间隙分布特点〔包括腰椎失稳、Modic改变、高信号区域（HIZ）、许莫结节（SN）〕;椎间盘退变分级采用Pfirrmann分级标准,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级为正常椎间盘,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级为退变椎间盘（其中Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级为严重退变）;多间隙椎间盘退变采用自定义W分级标准,即两个及以上节段椎间盘退变程度。结果　503例患者共2 515个腰椎间盘,退变率为74.08%（1 863/2 515）,严重退变率36.46%（917/2 515）。上腰椎椎间盘（L1~2、L2~3）退变率为56.96%（573/1 006）,严重退变率为34.55%（198/573）;下腰椎椎间盘（L3~4、L4~5、L5~S1）退变率为85.49%（1 290/1 509）,严重退变率为55.74%（719/1 290）。下腰椎椎间盘退变率、严重退变率均高于上腰椎（P<0.05）。≥40岁女性腰椎间盘退变率高于男性（P<0.05）。<40岁男性腰椎失稳发生率与女性比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而Modic改变、HIZ、SN发生率两性别间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。≥40岁女性腰椎失稳发生率高于男性（P<0.05）;而Modic改变、HIZ、SN发生率两性别间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。≥40岁男性Modic改变、HIZ与女性腰椎失稳、HIZ、SN与<40岁者发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。腰椎失稳、Modic改变、SN和HIZ腰椎退变节段分布情况比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。手术节段单间隙381例,两间隙102例,三间隙14例,四间隙4例,五间隙2例;责任间隙椎间盘退变率为99.01%（498/503）,严重退变率为62.82%（316/503）。结论　腰椎退行性疾病手术患者的椎间盘退变率较高,且女性较高,下腰椎椎间盘高于上腰椎椎间盘,女性腰椎失稳、Modic改变发生率均高于男性,SN发生率低于男性,40岁是男性Modic改变及HIZ发生的转折点,也是女性腰椎失稳、HIZ、SN发生的转折点。责任间隙椎间盘大部分发生退变,且严重退变率较高。     

中医针灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效

目的探讨中医针灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法选取2019年1月至2020年1月在本院接受治疗的80例腰椎间盘突出患者,随机分为对照组(n=40)与观察组(n=40)。对照组予以常规治疗,观察组予以中医针灸治疗,比较两组临床疗效、疼痛程度和不良反应。结果观察组总有效率为97.50%(39/40),高于对照组的77.50%(31/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组不同时间段的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为5.00%(2/40),低于对照组的20.00%(8/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中医针灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者,能显著提高临床疗效,有效缓解患者疼痛,降低不良反应发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

Spontaneous regression of herniated lumbar discs

The spontaneous regression of a lumbar herniated disc is a common occurrence. Studies using imaging techniques as well as immunohistologic analyses have attempted to explain the mechanism for regression. However, the exact mechanism remains elusive. Understanding the process by which herniated discs disappear in the absence of surgery may better guide treatment. Recent case reports, radiographic and immunohistologic studies show that the extent of extrusion of the nucleus pulposus is related to a higher likelihood of regression. To our knowledge, Patient 3 is the first report of spontaneous regression occurring within 2 months. This occurrence was discovered intraoperatively. We present three illustrative patients. Patient 1, a 53-year-old man, presented with a large L2–L3 disc herniation. His 2 year follow-up MRI revealed a complete regression of the extruded fragment. Patient 2, a 58-year-old man, presented with an L3–L4 disc herniation with cephalad migration of a free fragment. MRI 9 months later showed no free fragment but progression of a disc bulge. Intraoperative exploration during the L3–L4 microdiscectomy confirmed the absence of the free fragment. Patient 3, a 58-year-old woman, presented with a large L2–L3 disc extrusion with cephalad migration. An imaging study performed 2 months after the initial study revealed an absence of the free fragment. Our case reports demonstrate the temporal variance in disc regression. While the time course and extent of regression vary widely, the rapid time in which regression can occur should caution surgeons contemplating discectomy based on an MRI performed a significant period prior to surgery.